Revised estimates for Singapore's gross domestic product in the three months to December show the economy expanded 0.1 percent on the quarter, down slightly from the advance estimate of 0.2 percent and confirming a slowdown from the 0.8 percent increase recorded in the three months to September. Monthly PMI survey data indicated solid growth in the aggregate economy over this period after authorities eased public health and travel restrictions earlier in the year. GDP expanded by 2.1 percent on the year in the three months to December, also just below the advance estimate for an increase of 2.2 percent and down from growth of 4.0 percent recorded in the three months to June.

Conditions were mixed across the economy, with the manufacturing sector rebounding strongly on the quarter but the services sector contracting slightly after a solid increase previously. The manufacturing sector is now estimated to have expanded by 1.0 percent on the quarter in the three months to December, weaker than the initial estimate of an increase of 1.8 percent but confirming conditions improved after output contracted by 2.9 percent in the three months to September. The services sector is now estimated to have contracted by 0.2 percent, up from the initial estimate of a decline of 0.4 percent but well down from an increase of 1.6 percent previously.

GDP refers to the aggregate value of the goods and services produced in the economic territory of Singapore. GDP estimates are compiled by the output, expenditure and income approaches. Output-based GDP refers to the sum of gross value added generated by economic activities in the domestic economy. Expenditure-based GDP refers to the sum of private consumption expenditure of households including non-profit institutions serving households, government consumption expenditure, gross capital formation and net exports of goods and services. Income-based GDP refers to the sum of incomes receivable by each institutional sector from the domestic production of goods and services which includes compensation of employees, gross operating surplus and taxes (less subsidies, if any) on production and on imports.

In order to compare the real value of output/expenditure over time, it is necessary to remove the effect of price changes. This is achieved by selecting the price structure of 2010 as the base according to which the goods and services in other years are re-valued. The resulting aggregates after adjustment for price changes are known as constant-price estimates.
The advance GDP estimates are computed largely from data in the first two months of the quarter (e.g. 1st Quarter is based on Jan and Feb; 2nd Quarter is based on Apr and May). They are intended as early estimates of GDP growth in the quarter, and are subject to revision when more comprehensive data become available.

GDP is the all-inclusive measure of economic activity. Investors need to closely track the economy because it usually dictates how investments will perform. Investors in the stock market like to see healthy economic growth because robust business activity translates to higher corporate profits. Bond investors are more highly sensitive to inflation and robust economic activity could potentially pave the road to inflation. By tracking economic data such as GDP, investors will know what the economic backdrop is for these markets and their portfolios. The GDP report contains a treasure-trove of information which not only paints an image of the overall economy, but tells investors about important trends within the big picture. GDP components such as consumer spending, business and residential investment, and price (inflation) indexes illuminate the economy's undercurrents, which can translate to investment opportunities and guidance in managing a portfolio.

Each financial market reacts differently to GDP data because of their focus. For example, equity market participants cheer healthy economic growth because it improves the corporate profit outlook while weak growth generally means anemic earnings. Equities generally drop on disappointing growth and climb on good growth prospects.

Bond or fixed income markets are contrarians. They prefer weak growth so that there is less of a chance of higher central bank interest rates and inflation. When GDP growth is poor or negative it indicates anemic or negative economic activity. Bond prices will rise and interest rates will fall. When growth is positive and good, interest rates will be higher and bond prices lower.